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CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
1. According to your textbook, the three major goals of public
speaking are to _________, to _________, and to _________.
ANSWER: inform; persuade; entertain
2. As discussed in your textbook, conversation and public
speaking share at least four similarities, including:
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. organizing one's thoughts logically
b. tailoring a message to one's audience
c. telling a story for maximum impact
d. adapting to listener feedback
3. What are the three primary differences discussed in your
textbook between public speaking and conversation?
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. Public speaking is more highly structured.
b. Public speaking requires more formal language.
c. Public speaking requires a different manner of
delivery.
4. List five measures you can take to help control your
nervousness when giving a speech.
1. ______________________________
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
4. ______________________________
5. ______________________________
ANSWER:
Possible answers include:
Gain experience in public speaking.
Pick speech topics you care about.
Prepare thoroughly for every speech.
Think positively about your speech.
Be at your best physically and mentally.
Concentrate on communicating with the audience and not
on worrying about being nervous.
Take a couple of deep breaths before starting to speak.
Work especially hard on your introduction.
Make eye contact with members of the audience.
Use visual aids.
5. Because a listener's _________ can never be exactly the same
as a speaker's, the meaning of a message will never be exactly
the same to a listener as to a speaker.
ANSWER: frame of reference
6. The messages sent by listeners to a speaker are called
_________.
ANSWER: feedback
7. Concern by a listener about lawn mower noise outside the room,
an upcoming test, or a sick relative are all examples of
_________.
ANSWER: interference
8. _________ lets you know how your message is being received by
your audience.
ANSWER: Feedback
9. The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all
other groups or cultures is termed _________.
ANSWER: ethnocentrism
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
10. _________ is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues
of right and wrong in human affairs.
ANSWER: Ethics
11. According to the ancient Roman rhetorician Quintilian, the
ideal of ethical speechmaking is the _________ person speaking
_________.
ANSWER: good; well
12. The five guidelines in your textbook for ethical public
speaking are:
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
e. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. Make sure your goals are ethically sound
b. Be fully prepared for each speech
c. Be honest in what you say
d. Avoid name-calling and abusive language
e. Put ethical principles into practice
13. Representing someone else's information in a speech or paper
as though it were your own is called _________.
ANSWER: plagiarism
14. The three types of plagiarism discussed in your text are
_________, _________, and _________.
ANSWER: global plagiarism; patchwork plagiarism; incremental
plagiarism
15. _________ plagiarism occurs when a speaker steals a speech
entirely from another source and passes it off as his or her own.
ANSWER: Global
16. The three guidelines presented in your textbook for ethical
listening are:
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. Be courteous and attentive
b. Avoid prejudging the speaker
c. Maintain the free and open expression of ideas
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
17. Even when we listen carefully, we usually grasp only about
_________ percent of a speaker's message.
ANSWER: 50
18. People spend more time _________ than in any other
communication activity.
ANSWER: listening
19. According to your textbook, when you listen to evaluate a
speaker's message for purposes of accepting it or rejecting it,
you are engaged in _________ listening.
ANSWER: critical
20. According to your textbook, when you listen primarily for
pleasure or enjoyment, you are engaged in _________ listening.
ANSWER: appreciative
21. According to your textbook, when you listen to provide
emotional support for the speaker, you are engaged in _________
listening.
ANSWER: empathic
22. According to your textbook, when you listen primarily to
understand the message of a speaker (for example, taking notes in
a classroom lecture), you are engaged in _________ listening.
ANSWER: comprehensive
23. The four causes of poor listening discussed in your textbook
are
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. not concentrating
b. listening too hard
c. jumping to conclusions
d. focusing on delivery and personal appearance
24. Your textbook gives six suggestions for becoming a better
listener. List four of them.
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
ANSWER:
Possible answers include:
Take listening seriously.
Resist distractions.
Don't be diverted by appearance or delivery.
Suspend judgment.
Focus your listening.
Develop note-taking skills.
25. When focusing your listening, you should listen for
_________, _________, and _________.
ANSWER: main points; evidence; technique
26. List at least three qualities you should listen for in a
speaker's evidence:
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
ANSWER: Possible answers include:
sufficiency
accuracy
objectivity
relevance
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a
Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
27. What are three techniques recommended in the text to help you
when you are having trouble choosing a speech topic?
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. make an inventory of your hobbies, interests,
beliefs, etc.
b. brainstorm
c. look through a reference work to find an interesting
topic
28. When your general purpose is to _________, you act as a
teacher or lecturer.
ANSWER: inform
29. When your general purpose is to _________, you act as a
partisan or an advocate.
ANSWER: persuade
30. The _________ reveals precisely what the speaker hopes to
accomplish in his or her speech.
ANSWER: specific purpose statement
31. "To persuade my audience that irradiation of food is not
harmful" is an example of a _________.
ANSWER: specific purpose statement
32. List at least three questions you should ask about the
suitability of your specific purpose for your audience.
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. Is it relevant to my audience?
b. Is it too technical for my audience?
c. Is it too trivial for my audience?
33. The _________ usually encapsulates the main points of your
speech in a single sentence.
ANSWER: central idea
34. Explain what is wrong with the following poorly written
central idea for a persuasive speech: "Something must be done
about the homeless in America."
ANSWER: It is too general; it does not indicate what "must be
done."
35. Explain what is wrong with the following poorly written
central idea for an informative speech: "Origins of soccer."
ANSWER: It is not written as a complete sentence.
36. Explain what is wrong with the following poorly written
central idea for an informative speech: "What happened to
dinosaurs?"
ANSWER: It is written as a question, rather than as a statement.
37. Explain what is wrong with the following poorly written
central idea for a persuasive speech: "Lawyers who promote
frivolous personal injury suits are just a bunch of greedy bums!"
ANSWER: It is expressed with figurative language
38. What is wrong with the following specific purpose statement
for a persuasive speech?
Ineffective Specific Purpose:
Why does the United States need to develop more nuclear power
plants?
ANSWER:
Error:
written as a question, not as a statement
39. What is wrong with the following specific purpose statement
for a persuasive speech?
Ineffective Specific Purpose:
To persuade my audience that something must be done to curb the
problem of computer theft on our campus.
ANSWER:
Error:
too vague or general; doesn't indicate what the audience should
do
40. What is wrong with the following specific purpose statement
for an informative speech?
Ineffective Specific Purpose:
The interior design of the White House.
ANSWER:
Error:
written as a fragment, not as a full sentence
41. What is wrong with the following specific purpose statement
for an informative speech?
Ineffective Specific Purpose:
To inform my audience about the principles of aerodynamics and
how to build a kite.
ANSWER:
Error: contains more than one distinct idea
42. Supply the general purpose, specific purpose, and central
idea for a speech with the following main points:
Main Points:
I. The first step in making red wine
is harvesting the grapes.
II. The second step in making red wine
is preparing the grapes.
III. The third step in making red wine
is fermenting the grapes.
IV. The fourth step in making red wine
is pressing the grapes.
V. The fifth step in making red wine
is aging the wine.
ANSWER:
General Purpose: To inform
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the
basic steps in making red wine.
Central Idea: There are five basic steps in
making red wine: harvesting the
grapes, preparing the grapes,
fermenting the grapes, pressing
the grapes, and aging the wine.
43. Supply the general purpose, specific purpose, and main points
for a speech with the following central idea:
Central Idea: The three major causes of decaying bridges in the
United States are overloading, weather, and neglect.
ANSWER:
General Purpose: To inform
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the three
major causes of decaying bridges in
the United States.
Main Points: I. The first major cause of
deteriorating bridges in the
United States is overloading.
II. The second major cause of
deteriorating bridges in the
United States is weather.
III. The third major cause of
deteriorating bridges in the
United States is neglect.
44. Supply the general purpose, specific purpose, and main points
for a speech with the following central idea:
Central Idea: Devil's Island was called "the prison from which
there is no return" because escape was virtually impossible and
because large numbers of prisoners died there.
ANSWER:
General Purpose: To inform
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience why Devil's
Island was called "the prison
from which there is no return."
Main Points: I. Devil's Island was called "the
prison from which there is no
return" because escape was
virtually impossible.
II. Devil's Island was called "the
prison from which there is no
return" because large numbers of
prisoners died there.
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
45. Because listeners are _________, they typically approach
speeches by asking "Why is this important to me?"
ANSWER: egocentric
46. Age, gender, religion, group membership, and racial, ethnic
or cultural background are among the factors to be considered in
_________ audience analysis.
ANSWER: demographic
47. If you were giving a speech to a general audience about the
early days of rock and roll, the _________ of your listeners
would probably be the most important factor to consider in your
demographic audience analysis.
ANSWER: age
48. If you were giving a speech about the role of women in combat
to a general audience, the _________ of your listeners would
probably be the most important factor to consider in your
demographic audience analysis.
ANSWER: gender
49. According to your textbook, the five major factors to
consider in situational audience analysis are
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
e. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. size of the audience
b. physical setting of the speech
c. the audience's disposition toward the topic
d. the audience's disposition toward the speaker
e. the audience's disposition toward the occasion
50. As a general rule, the larger your audience, the more
_________ your presentation should be.
ANSWER: formal
51. The three most important factors to consider when determining
an audience's disposition toward a speaker's topic are the
audience's _________, _________, and _________.
ANSWER: interest; knowledge; attitude
52. When used in an audience-analysis questionnaire, _________
questions are valuable because they produce clear, unambiguous answers.
ANSWER: fixed-alternative
53. The major advantage of using _________ questions in an
audience analysis questionnaire is that they help reveal the
strength of a respondent's attitudes or feelings.
ANSWER: scale
54. In constructing an audience analysis questionnaire, you
should use _________ questions when you want to give respondents maximum
leeway in answering.
ANSWER: open-ended
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
55. If you have difficulty finding a library item, you should consult ___________.
ANSWER: a librarian
56. Periodicals are best found in _________.
ANSWER: Periodical databases.
57. A(n) _________ is a summary of a magazine or journal article written
by someone other than the original author.
ANSWER: abstract
58. The best database to use when searching for newspaper articles
is probably _________ .
ANSWER: Lexis/Nexis
59. _________ are the best all-purpose sources of general overviews
of a topic.
ANSWER: Encyclopedias
60. _________ are filled with annual statistics.
ANSWER: Yearbooks
61. The best reference source for finding the origins of English
words is the _______.
ANSWER: Oxford English Dictionary
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
62. An imaginary story used in a speech to illustrate a general
point is called a(n) _________ example.
ANSWER: hypothetical
63. The _________, popularly called the average, is determined by
adding up all the items in a group and dividing by the number of
items.
ANSWER: mean
64. The _________ is the middle figure in a group once the
numbers are put in order from highest to lowest.
ANSWER: median
65. The number that occurs the most in a group of numbers is the
_________.
ANSWER: mode
66. According to your textbook, three questions you should ask
when evaluating statistics are:
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. Are the statistics representative?
b. Are statistical measures used correctly?
c. Are the statistics from a reliable source?
67. If you quoted the head of the United States Center for
Disease Control on chronic fatigue syndrome, you would be using
_________ testimony.
ANSWER: expert
68. If you quoted Carl Rove, speechwriter for president
Bush, on the role of speechwriters in the political
process, you would be using _________ testimony.
ANSWER: expert
69. If you quoted your roommate in a speech about the stress of
being a college student, you would be using _________ testimony.
ANSWER: peer
70. If you quoted your younger cousin in a speech about her
experience playing Little League baseball, you would be using
_________ testimony.
ANSWER: peer
71. When you give the gist of someone else's statement in your
own words, you are _________.
ANSWER: paraphrasing
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
1. A speech narrating a series of historical events will usually
be arranged in _________ order.
ANSWER: chronological
2. A speech demonstrating how to build a soap box derby car will
probably be arranged in _________ order.
ANSWER: chronological
3. The following main points are arranged in _________ order.
I. The rise of the American film industry started with the age of
silent movies from 1910 to 1930.
II. The American film industry was at its peak during the Golden Age
of Hollywood from 1930 to 1950.
III. Since 1950 the American film industry has withstood the rise of
television and the development of home video systems.
ANSWER: chronological
4. Because it is adaptable to such a wide variety of topics and
purposes, _________ order is used more than any other pattern of
speech organization.
ANSWER: topical
5. A speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience of
the causes, symptoms, and treatment of diabetes" will probably be
arranged in _________ order.
ANSWER: topical
6. The following main points are arranged in _________ order.
I. As a painter, Picasso tested the limits of abstraction.
II. As a sculptor, Picasso often incorporated "found" objects.
III. As a printmaker, Picasso gave vent to his whimsy and
eroticism.
ANSWER: topical
7. The following main points are arranged in _________ order.
I. The first major type of environmental pollution is land
pollution.
II. The second major type of environmental pollution
is air pollution.
III. The third major type of environmental
pollution is water pollution.
ANSWER: topical
8. The following main points are arranged in _________ order.
I. Rabies in people is almost always caused by the bite of an
infected animal.
II. The symptoms of rabies include drooling, changes in temperament,
sudden changes in voice, and abnormal positioning of the limbs.
III. It is vital that people exposed to rabies seek prompt medical
treatment.
ANSWER: topical
9. Speeches arranged in _________ order follow a directional
pattern from top to bottom, east to west, or some other route.
ANSWER: spatial
10. The following main points are arranged in _________ order.
I. The raised right arm and torch of the Statue of Liberty symbolize
America's role as a beacon light of liberty to people the world
over.
II. The body of the Statue of Liberty is lined with staircases, which
give a good view of the inside contours.
III. The base of the Statue of Liberty contains a plaque with the
poignant lines beginning "Give me your tired, your poor..."
ANSWER: spatial
11. A speech whose specific purpose is to show a cause-effect
relationship is usually organized in _________ order.
ANSWER: causal
12. The following main points are arranged in _________ order.
I. The effects of acid rain continue to kill fish throughout lakes in
the northeastern United States.
II. The major cause of acid rain pollution is airborne industrial
pollutants.
ANSWER: causal
13. The following main points are arranged in _________ order.
I. Gambling addiction is an increasingly serious problem throughout
the United States.
II. The problem of gambling addiction can best be solved by a
combination of education and rehabilitation.
ANSWER: problem-solution
14. The following main points are arranged in _________ order.
I. Political action committees are undermining responsible government
at both the state and federal levels.
II. The most important step to solving this problem is to limit the
amount of money political action committees can give to candidates
for public office.
ANSWER: problem-solution
15. _________ are words or phrases that join one thought to
another and indicate the relationship between them.
ANSWER: Connectives
16. Technically, _________ state both the idea the speaker is
leaving and the one she or he is coming to.
ANSWER: transitions
17. A(n) _________ works just like the preview statement in the
introduction, except that it comes in the body of the speech.
ANSWER: internal preview
18. "The final point I'd like to present..." is an example of
a(n) _________.
ANSWER: signpost
19. What, according to your textbook are the four basic guidelines
for main points in a speech.
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. Limit the number of main points.
b. Balance the amount of time devoted to main points.
c. Keep main points separate.
d. Try to use the same pattern of wording for all main
points.
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
24. What are the four major objectives of a speech introduction?
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. get the attention and interest of the audience
b. reveal the topic of the speech
c. establish the speaker's credibility and good will
d. preview the body of the speech
25. When you use a _________ question in the introduction of a
speech, you expect your audience to answer mentally rather than
aloud.
ANSWER: rhetorical
26. Establishing _________ in a speech introduction is a matter
of getting your audience to perceive you as qualified to speak on
the topic.
ANSWER: credibility
27. List six methods you can use to gain the attention and
interest of an audience in the introduction of a speech.
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
e. ______________________________
f. ______________________________
ANSWER:
The textbook discusses seven methods:
Relate the topic to the audience.
State the importance of the topic.
Startle the audience.
Arouse the curiosity of the audience.
Question the audience.
Begin with a quotation.
Tell a story.
The textbook also mentions five additional methods: Refer to the
occasion.
Invite audience participation.
Use audio equipment or visual aids.
Relate to a previous speaker.
Begin with humor.
Any six of these twelve methods should constitute a satisfactory answer.
28. The _________ provides a lead-in from the introduction to the
body of the speech.
ANSWER: preview statement
29. The two major functions of a speech conclusion are to
_________ and to _________.
ANSWER: signal the end of the speech; reinforce the central idea
30. When you use a(n) _________ ending, the speech builds in
force until it reaches a zenith of power and intensity in the
conclusion.
ANSWER: crescendo
31. The four methods discussed in the text for reinforcing the
central idea in a speech conclusion are:
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. summarize the main points
b. end with a quotation
c. make a dramatic statement
d. refer to the introduction
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
32. A detailed outline for the planning stage of a speech is
called a _________ outline.
ANSWER: preparation
33. A bibliography is often included as part of the _________
outline.
ANSWER: preparation
34. A _________ outline should include cues for delivering the
speech.
ANSWER: speaking
35. The textbook gives four guidelines for a speaking outline.
They are:
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. Follow the visual framework used in the preparation
outline
b. Make sure the outline is plainly legible
c. Keep the outline as brief as possible
d. Include cues for delivering the speech
36. In the left-hand column below is a blank portion of a
preparation outline for an informative speech on maple syrup. In
the right-hand column, arranged in random order, are a main
point, two subpoints, and two sub-subpoints. Use them to fill in
the outline.
Outline
I.
A.
B.
1.
2.
|
Main Point and Subpoints
It also requires less time and labor.
In the modern method, sap is collected
through a system of pipelines.
The pipeline method yields more sap
than the bucket method.
In the traditional method, sap is
ollected in buckets.
There are two major methods of
collecting sap from maple trees.
|
ANSWER:
When filled in, the outline should look like this:
I. There are two major methods of collecting sap from
maple trees.
A. In the traditional method, sap is collected in
buckets.
B. In the modern method, sap is collected through a
system of pipelines.
1. The pipeline method yields more sap than the
traditional method.
2. It also requires less time and labor.
37. In the left-hand column below is a blank portion of a
preparation outline for an informative speech on diamonds. In the
right-hand column, arranged in random order, are a main point,
two subpoints, and two sub-subpoints. Use them to fill in the
outline.
Outline
I.
A.
1.
2.
B.
|
Main Point and Subpoints
A carat is equal to 0.2 grams.
Usually the greater the carat weight,
the more valuable the diamond.
The carat is a unit of weight, not
size.
One way to judge the quality of a
diamond is by its carat weight.
his is about the weight of a carob
seed, from which the word "carat" is
derived.
|
ANSWER:
When filled in, the outline should look like this:
I. One way to judge the quality of a diamond is by its
carat weight.
A. The carat is a unit of weight, not size.
1. A carat is equal to 0.2 grams.
2. This is about the weight of a carob seed, from
which the word "carat" is derived.
B. Usually the greater the carat weight, the more
valuable the diamond.
38. In the left-hand column below is a blank portion of a
preparation outline for an informative speech about diabetes. In
the right-hand column, arranged in random order, are a main
point, a subpoint, and three sub-subpoints. Use them to fill in
the outline.
Outline
I.
A.
1.
2.
3.
|
Main Point and Subpoints
Insulin injections are literally a
life-saver for millions of people with
diabetes.
In the future, it may be possible to take
insulin orally, without the discomfort of
injections.
Before insulin was developed in 1921,
diabetes was usually a fatal disease.
Diabetes can be combatted by injections
of insulin and by control of diet.
Today, daily injections of insulin allow
even severe diabetics to live normal lives.
|
ANSWER:
When filled in, the outline should look like this:
I. Diabetes can be combatted by injections of insulin
and by control of diet.
A. Insulin injections are literally a life-saver
for millions of people with diabetes.
1. Before insulin was developed in 1921, diabetes
was usually a fatal disease.
2. Today daily injections of insulin allow even
severe diabetics to live normal lives.
3. In the future it may be possible to take
insulin orally, without the discomfort of
injections.
39. In the left-hand column below is a partially blank outline
from a speech about child abuse. In the right-hand column,
arranged in random order, are the subpoints and sub-subpoints to
fill in the outline. Choose the appropriate subpoint or
sub-subpoint for each blank in the outline.
Outline
I. Child abuse continues
to be a serious
problem in the United
States.
A.
1.
2.
B.
II. The consequesnces of
child abuse are tragic
in both the short run
and the long run.
A.
1.
2.
B.
1.
a.
b.
2.
|
Main Point and Subpoints
There is an unusually high rate of
riminal activity among adults who were
abused as children.
In the short run, children suffer
serious injuries and even death.
This average out to almost 3,500 cases
per day.
These statistics are even more alarming
once we recognize that for every
reported case of child abuse, five more
o unreported.
One study showed that abused children
are ten times more likely to be
rrested for violent crimes as adults
than are non-abused children.
In addition to these injuries, some
2,000 children die each year from
evere abuse.
Last year alone there were more than
1.3 million reported cases of child
abuse.
Injuries to abused children include
bruises, burns, cuts, broken bones,
internal bleeding, and damage to organs
such as kidneys and the liver.
Another study revealed that 90 percent
of the inmates at San Quentin prison
were abused as children.
This figure breaks down further 146
cases per hour.
In the long run, victims of child abuse
often continue to be affected by it as
dults.
|
ANSWER:
When filled in, the outline should look like this:
I. Child abuse continues to be a serious problem in the
United States.
A. Last year alone there were more than 1.3 million
reported cases of child abuse.
1. This averages out to almost 3,500 cases per
day.
2. This figure breaks down further to 146 cases
per hour.
B. These statistics are even more alarming once we
recognize that for every reported case of child
abuse, five more go unreported.
II. The consequences of child abuse are tragic in both
the short run and the long run.
A. In the short run children suffer serious
injuries and even death.
1. Injuries to abused children include bruises,
burns, cuts, broken bones, internal bleeding,
and damage to organs such as the kidneys and
the liver.
2. In addition to these injuries, some 2,000
children die each year from severe abuse.
B. In the long run victims of child abuse often
continue to be affected by it as adults.
1. There is an unusually high rate of criminal
activity among adults who were abused as
children.
a. One study showed that abused children are
ten times more likely to be arrested for
violent crimes as adults than are non-abused
children.
b. Another study revealed that 90 percent of
the inmates at San Quentin prison were
abused as children.
2. Victims of child abuse often grow up to become
child abusers themselves as adults.
40. In the left-hand column below is a partially blank outline
from a speech about the symptoms and treatment of frostbite. In
the right-hand column, arranged in random order, are the
subpoints and sub-subpoints to fill in the outline. Choose the
appropriate subpoint or sub-subpoint for each blank in the
outline.
Outline
I. There are several
symptoms of frostbite.
A.
B.
C.
II. The key to treating
frostbite is knowing what
to do and what not to do.
A.
1.
2.
a.
b.
3.
B.
1.
2.
3.
|
Main Point and Subpoints
Another method of warming is to lightly
cover the affected areas with warm
towels.
If you take the wrong steps in treating
frostbite, you can cause permanent
damage to the affected areas.
As frostbite develops, the skin first
changes to a grayish-yellow color.
First, get the victim indoors as
quickly as possible.
When the affected areas become
flushed, discontinue warming and have
the victim gently exercise them to
stimulate circulation.
Second, do not rub or massage the
affected areas.
Once the victim is indoors, warm the
affected areas until they become flushed.
As frostbite intensifies, the affected
areas feel extremely cold, turn numb,
and may turn from a grayish-yellow to
a bluish color.
If you take the right steps in
treating frostbite, you can usually
prevent permanent damage to the
affected areas.
Third, do not break any blisters that
may have formed.
One method of warming is to immerse
the affected areas in warm water.
In severe cases, the frostbite victim
may experience mental confusion and
impaired judgment.
First, do not apply hot water or
strong heat.
|
ANSWER:
When filled in, the outline should look like this:
I. There are several symptoms of frostbite.
A. As frostbite develops, the skin first changes to
a graysh-yellow color.
B. As frostbite intensifies, the affected areas
feel extremely cold, turn numb, and may turn
from a grayish-yellow to a bluish color.
C. In severe cases, the frostbite victim may
experience mental confusion and impaired
judgment.
II. The key to treating frostbite is knowing what to
do and what not to do.
A. If you take the right steps in treating
frostbite, you can usually prevent permanent
damage to the affected areas.
1. First, get the victim indoors as quickly as
possible.
2. Once the victim is indoors, warm the affected
areas until they become flushed.
a. One method of warming is to immerse the
affected areas in warm water.
b. Another method of warming is to lightly
cover the affected areas with warm towels or
blankets.
3. When the affected areas become flushed,
discontinue warming and have the victim gently
exercise them to stimulate circulation.
B. If you take the wrong steps in treating
frostbite, you can cause permanent damage to the
affected areas.
1. First, do not apply hot water or strong heat.
2. Second, do not rub or massage the affected
areas.
3. Third, do not break any blisters that may have
formed.
41. In the left-hand column below is a partially blank outline
from a speech about professional boxing. In the right-hand
column, arranged in random order, are the subpoints and
sub-subpoints to fill in the outline. Choose the appropriate
subpoint or sub-subpoint for each blank in the outline.
Outline
I. Professional boxing
has long been haunted
by the specter of death
and injury.
A.
B.
II. As serious a problem
as those who die from
professional boxing
are those who suffer
"Pugilistica Dementia"
as a result of their
years in the ring.
A.
1.
2.
B.
1.
2.
a.
b.
c.
|
Main Point and Subpoints
Once these symptoms appear, they are
irreversible.
Ring magazine also noted that the
fatality rate for professional boxers
is 45 times that for any other
American spectator sport.
According to the American Medical
Association, 49 percent of
professional boxers suffer from
"Pugilistica Dementia."
But though his face was not battered,
his brains were.
When he was fighting, Ali always
seemed to escape serious injury.
"Pugilistica Dementia," also known as
the punch-drunk syndrome, is a form
of permanent brain damage.
According to Ring magazine, 339
professional boxers have died in the
ring since 1945.
As a result, Ali will live the rest
of his life as a stumbling, confused,
ncoherent shadow of his former
self.
Only now are doctors making clear how
widespread "Pugilistica Dementia" is
among boxers.
The symptoms of "Pugilistica
Dementia" include impaired
coordination, slurred speech, and
mental disorientation.
The plight of these 49 percent is
illustrated by Muhammad Ali.
|
ANSWER:
When filled in, the outline should look like this:
I. Professional boxing has long been haunted by the
specter of death and injury.
A. According to Ring magazine, 339 professional
boxers have died in the ring since 1945.
B. Ring magazine also noted that the fatality rate
for professional boxers is 45 times that for
other American spectator sports.
II. As serious a problem as those who die from
professional boxing are those who suffer
"Pugilistica Dementia" as a result of their years in
the ring.
A. "Pugilistica Dementia," also known as the
punch-drunk syndrome, is a form of permanent
brain damage.
1. The symptoms of "Pugilistica Dementia" include
impaired coordination, slurred speech, and
mental disorientation.
2. Once these symptoms appear, they are
irreversible.
B. Only now are doctors making clear how widespread
"Pugilistica Dementia" is among boxers.
1. According to the American Medical Association,
49 percent of professional boxers suffer from
"Pugilistica Dementia."
2. The plight of these 49 percent is illustrated
by Muhammad Ali.
a. When he was fighting, Ali always seemed to
escape serious injury.
b. But though his face was not battered, his
brains were.
c. As a result, Ali will live the rest of his
life as a stumbling, confused, incoherent
shadow of his former self.
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
42. The _________ meaning of a word includes all of the
associations and feelings the word touches off in different
people, while the _________ meaning of a word is best thought of
as its dictionary definition.
ANSWER: connotative; denotative
43. Three methods explained in your textbook for using language
clearly are:
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. use concrete words
b. use familiar words
c. eliminate clutter
44. Rearrange the following words in order from most general and
abstract to most concrete and specific:
transportation, Ford products, vehicles, Mustangs, automobiles
ANSWER:
(transportation, vehicles, automobiles, Ford products, Mustangs)
45. Rearrange the following words in order from the most general
and abstract to the most concrete and specific:
physics, Einstein, science, intellectual endeavor, physicist
ANSWER:
(intellectual endeavor, science, physics, physicist, Einstein)
46. Using _________ words is the key to creating effective verbal
imagery.
ANSWER: concrete
47. A _________ is a figurative comparison that always contains
the word "like" or "as."
ANSWER: simile
48. A form of creating imagery in a speech that involves an
implied comparison between things that are essentially different
is termed _________.
ANSWER: metaphor
49. The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words
is a language device called _________.
ANSWER: parallelism
50. When you repeat the initial consonant sound of close or
adjoining words, you are using the language device known as
_________.
ANSWER: alliteration
51. Here are four words whose meaning is roughly
synonymous--walk, trudge, stroll, march. Select the appropriate
word to complete each of the following sentences.
a. On spring afternoons we like to _________ through the
botanical gardens.
b. I was too tired to do anything but _________ home.
c. We had a great time watching the bands _________ by during
the parade.
d. If you _________ instead of driving, you'll improve your
cardiovascular fitness.
ANSWER:
a. stroll
b. trudge
c. march
d. walk
52. Here are four words whose meaning is roughly
synonymous--madness, eccentricity, obsession, infatuation. Select
the most appropriate word to complete each of the following
sentences.
a. Professor Schwartz never wears an overcoat even on the
coldest days. That's his personal _________.
b. My friend Jean has every Beatles record ever made. She's gone
beyond collecting to the point of _________.
c. Cynthia's love for Tom Cruise isn't real love. It's just
_________.
d. My public speaking instructor thinks I'm going to deliver six
speeches this semester. That 's _________.
ANSWER:
a. eccentricity
b. obsession
c. infatuation
d. madness
53. In public speaking, the use of language should be appropriate
to:
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. the audience
b. the occasion
c. the topic
d. the speaker
54. One of the greatest differences between writing an essay and
giving a speech is that the listener, unlike the reader, cannot
turn to a dictionary or reread an author's words to discover
their meaning. How does this complicate the task of a public
speaker? Explain three specific steps a speaker can take to make
his or her meaning clear despite these complications.
ANSWER:
These three steps need not be limited to material dealt with in
Chapter 11. Students might focus their answers on such matters as
using familiar words, eliminating clutter, and the like, but they
might also mention such matters as using clear patterns of
organization, providing connectives between ideas, etc.
55. In the column on the left are statements as they could have
been made by a speaker. The column on the right shows what the
speaker actually said. In each case explain what elements of
language usage make the statements on the right more effective.
Less Effective
a. The impact of freedom in
one pair of the world has
a great impact on freedom.
in other parts of the world.
b. We should always negotiate
from a position of strength,
and we should always be willing
to negotiate.
c. Now is the time to ensure
democracy for all citizens,
to put an end to segregation,
and to abolish racial injustice.
|
More Effective
Freedom is like a drum; strike it
anywhere and it resounds
everywhere. (Adlai Stevenson)
Let us never negotiate out of
fear. But let us never fear to
negotiate. (John F. Kennedy)
Now is the time to make real the
promises of democracy. Now is
the time to rise from the dark
and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of
racial justice. Now is the time
to lift our nation from the
quicksand of racial injustice to
the solid rock of brotherhood.
(Martin Luther King)
|
ANSWER:
a. The more effective statement is improved primarily
by its use of simile and also by its use of imagery
and parallel structure.
b. The more effective statement is distinguished by the
speaker's use of antithesis. It is also enhanced by
the alliteration in "never negotiate."
c. The more effective statement is more vivid, more
forceful, and more rhythmical because of the
speaker's use of repetition, parallelism, metaphor,
and imagery.
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
56. A speech delivered without any immediate preparation is
called a(n) _________ speech.
ANSWER: impromptu
57. A speech that is fully prepared in advance but delivered from
a brief set of notes or a speaking outline is called a(n)
_________ speech.
ANSWER: extemporaneous
58. The relative highness or lowness of speech sounds is called
_________.
ANSWER: pitch
59. _________ refers to the speed at which a person speaks.
ANSWER: Rate
60. Mark Twain said, "The right word might be effective, but no
word was ever as effective as a rightly timed _________."
ANSWER: pause
61. Changes in a speaker's pitch, rate, volume, and pauses are
referred to as _________.
ANSWER: vocal variety
62. Sloppy _________ is the failure to form particular speech
sounds crisply and distinctly.
ANSWER: articulation
63. _________ is the ability to say a word as indicated in a
dictionary, while _________ is the ability to form speech sounds
distinctly.
ANSWER: Pronunciation; articulation
64. How we use eye contact, body movement, gestures, and other
forms of nonverbal communication is the subject of an area of
study known as _________.
ANSWER: kinesics
65. Because they send such revealing nonverbal messages, we think
of the _________ as "the windows of the soul."
ANSWER: eyes
66. Ways of speaking based on regional or ethnic speech patterns
are known as _________.
ANSWER: dialects
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
69. The three major advantages of using visual aids in a speech
are _________, _________, and _________.
ANSWER: clarity; interest; retention
70. If the object you want to use as a visual aid is not
available to you, the next best option ideally is a(n) _________.
ANSWER: model
71. A(n) _________ is usually the best kind of visual aid for
clarifying statistics.
ANSWER: graph
72. If you wanted to illustrate the increase in the number of
people in the U.S. with college degrees since 1900, the best kind
of visual aid would probably be a(n) _________
ANSWER: graph
73. While a _________ graph is best for illustrating simple
distribution patterns, a _________ graph is best for showing
comparisons between two or more items.
ANSWER: pie; bar
74. If you wanted to list the steps of a process to help your
audience remember them better, the best kind of visual aid to use
would probably be a(n) _________.
ANSWER: chart
75. If you wanted to summarize the steps involved in combatting
frostbite, the best kind of visual aid would probably be a(n)
_________.
ANSWER: chart
76. What kind of visual aid would probably be most effective for
explaining each of the following? Explain your choice of visual
aid in each case.
ANSWER:
a. The basic equipment and techniques of scuba diving.
b. The increase in the United States national debt
since 1920.
c. Where to write for information about career
opportunities available to college graduates with
degrees in engineering.
d. The markings on different species of tropical fish.
77. Explain each of the following guidelines for using visual
aids in a speech:
ANSWER:
a. Avoid using the chalkboard for visual aids.
b. Prepare visual aids in advance.
c. Do not pass visual aids among the audience.
d. Practice with visual aids when rehearsing the
speech.
78. Explain each of the following guidelines for using visual
aids in a speech:
ANSWER:
a. Avoid using the chalkboard for visual aids.
b. Prepare visual aids in advance.
c. Do not pass visual aids among the audience.
d. Practice with visual aids when rehearsing the speech.
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
79. "To inform my audience about the different sections of a
medieval cathedral" is a specific purpose statement for an
informative speech about a(n) _________. "To inform my audience
about the beliefs of major Christian sects during the middle
ages" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech
about a(n) _________.
ANSWER: object; concept
80. If you were giving an informative speech describing the
different regions of Ireland, you would probably arrange the
speech in _________ order.
ANSWER: spatial
81. "To inform my audience how to arrange flowers like a
professional florist" is a specific purpose statement for an
informative speech about a(n) _________.
ANSWER: process
82. "To inform my audience how to improve their golf game" is a
specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n)
_________. "To inform my audience about the origins of golf in
the British Isles" is a specific purpose statement for an
informative speech about a(n) _________.
ANSWER: process; event
83. Informative speeches about processes can be arranged in
either _________ or _________ order.
ANSWER: chronological; topical
84. There are many ways to organize informative speeches about
events. If your goal is to recount the history of an event, you
would most likely arrange the speech in _________ order.
ANSWER: chronological
85. Informative speeches about concepts are usually arranged in
_________ order.
ANSWER: topical
86. "Never _________ -estimate the information of your audience;
never _________ -estimate the intelligence of your audience."
ANSWER: over; under
87. List the five guidelines given in your textbook for effective
informative speaking. ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
ANSWER:
Don't overestimate what the audience knows.
Relate the subject directly to the audience.
Don't be too technical.
Personalize your ideas.
Avoid abstractions.
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
1. The three kinds of questions that give rise to persuasive
speeches are questions of _________, questions of _________, and
questions of _________.
ANSWER: fact; value; policy
2. "To persuade my audience that the Loch Ness monster does not
really exist" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive
speech on a question of _________.
ANSWER: fact
3. "To persuade my audience that businesses have no right using
drug tests and lie detector tests to pry into employees' private
lives" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on
a question of _________.
ANSWER: value
4. "To persuade my audience that our state should impose stricter
regulations governing the safety of amusement park rides" is a
specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question
of _________.
ANSWER: policy
5. Persuasive speeches on questions of _________ argue for or
against particular courses of action.
ANSWER: policy
6. Questions of _________ usually include the word "should."
ANSWER: policy
7. "Who is the greatest Impressionist painter?" is a question of
_________. "Should public museums be allowed to raise revenue by
selling masterpieces to private collectors?" is a question of
_________. "What is the most expensive piece of art sold on the
open market in the twentieth century?" is a question of
_________.
ANSWER: value; policy; fact
8. The three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of
policy are _________, _________, and _________.
ANSWER: need; plan; practicality
9. The following main points for a persuasive speech on a
question of policy are arranged in _________ order.
I. Pollution of the world's oceans has become a major international
problem.
II. There are two major causes of the problem.
III. The solution will require international cooperation to reduce the
amount of waste dumped into the oceans and to repair the damage
that has already been done.
ANSWER: problem-cause-solution
10. The following main points for a persuasive speech on a
question of policy are arranged in _________ order:
I. Air bags are superior to seat belts because they provide more
complete protection in case of a serious automobile crash.
II. Air bags are superior to seat belts because they inflate
automatically, rather than depending on the driver to "buckle up."
ANSWER: comparative advantages
11. The five steps of Monroe's motivated sequence are:
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
e. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. attention
b. need
c. satisfaction
d. visualization
e. action
CHAPTER 16: Methods of
Persuasion
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
13. What most modern students of persuasion refer to as
credibility, Aristotle referred to as _________.
ANSWER: ethos
14. Above all, a speaker's credibility is affected by two
factors: _________ and _________.
ANSWER: competence; character
15. _________ credibility is the credibility of the speaker
before she or he begins to speak. _________ credibility is the
credibility produced by everything the speaker says and does
during the speech. _________ credibility is the credibility of
the speaker at the end of the speech.
ANSWER:
Initial; Derived; Terminal
16. When used in a persuasive speech, supporting materials such
as examples, statistics, and testimony are referred to as
_________.
ANSWER: evidence
17. Your textbook presents four tips for using evidence in a per
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. Use specific evidence
b. Use novel evidence
c. Use evidence from credible sources
d. Make clear the point of your evidence
18. _________ is a process of drawing a conclusion based on
evidence.
ANSWER: Reasoning
19. According to your textbook, the following statement is an
example of _________ reasoning:
President John Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963. The
Beatles hit the top of the charts for the first time less than a
month later. Can there be any doubt that the Beatles' rise to
popularity was brought about partly by Kennedy's death, which left
a void in the hearts of America's youth that was quickly filled by
the dynamic singing group?
ANSWER: causal
20. According to your textbook, the following statement is an
example of _________ reasoning:
In the state of Texas, high school students cannot compete in
extracurricular activities unless they maintain passing grades. If
such a plan can work in Texas, it can work in our state, too.
ANSWER: analogical
21. According to your textbook, the following statement is an
example of reasoning from _________.
In Montana an infant's underactive thyroid went undiagnosed for
three months because of a medical laboratory testing error. In
Louisiana a 26-year-old woman died because a medical laboratory
inaccurately analyzed a mole that had been removed from her neck
as noncancerous. And in California a teacher lost his life to a
rare form of pneumonia when a medical laboratory confused his test
results with those of another person. We can see, then, that
inaccurate medical lab tests are a problem throughout the United
States.
ANSWER: specific instances
22. Your textbook discusses three methods of generating emotional
appeal in a persuasive speech. The three methods are
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
ANSWER:
a. Use emotional language
b. Develop vivid examples
c. Speak with sincerity and conviction
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3: Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using Language
CHAPTER 12: Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
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