entertainment and information
* Everyday people may be called to use public speaking, too.
* You can make a difference in things you care greatly about
--persuading someone to do something--informing them about things they do not know
* to express selves* to make attitudes known
* to explain why it matters to us
* for sharing of ideas, feelings and attitudes
persuasion* ask them to change attitudes* to take action
information
* teaching something newentertainment
* there is an economy* there is immediacy of reaction; observing of reactions
As confidence grows:
= you'll give better speeches= you'll have enhanced ability to communicate with family and friends
= you'll have more successes in personal life
= enables you to pursue more public endeavors
= you'll have better self-image
Professional growth depends on how well you can communicate
* impressions; credibility
The average adult spends 30% of waking hours in conversation; you use these skills every day
* giving directions--How do you get to the Library?* explaining how to do something
--How to make oatmeal cookies
* telling story to teenager and child--how babies are made* explaining incident to teacher or lover
--why homework assignment didn't get done
* saving punch line till the end
* when someone is uncomfortable with your message--talking about presidential candidates--abortion
* friends laughing at your jokes
* other are time limits* in most cases, no interruptions from audience
* you accomplish purpose with the speech
* you must anticipate of questions
* requires more detailed planning
* no slang or jargon* audiences respond to more polished language
* "specialness" of speech
* interjections* stock phrases
* cliches
* verbal clutter
--um, uh...
* they have better vocal control* they have better physical control
* ability to perceive relationships among ideas* logical arrangement of ideas
* arranging evidence to produce new insights
* but not at any cost!* you need strong sense of integrity
* explore your topic fully
* easy to distort statistics
* don't quote out of context* don't present unusual examples as representative
* credibility* preparation of speech
* manner of speaking
* delivery
* sensitivity to audience
* enthusiasm
* depends on what and how you say--verbal and non-verbal messagemaking intended message sent be the actual message received requires work
* choose topic you can handle (knowledge and time)
* make your ideas vivid
--do research--gather interesting examples
organize ideas logically, easy to follow
* use non-verbal expression--appearance--gestures
--facial expression
this classroom setting for this lecture
* others:--telephone, tv, radio
w/o: no communication
* message filtered through listener's frame of reference--total of knowledge, experience, goals, values, fears--comprehended message never the intended message
* make your message audience-centered
--consider their frame of reference
signals from audience
gives you information on whether intended message was the received message. Look for:
* leaning forward* intent looks
* nodding heads
* laughter
* perplexed looks
* polite coughing
* yawns
* external barriers--room too hot--loud noises outside
* internal barriers (semantic barriers)
--different attitudes--different meanings of words
special occasions require special speeches
* public speaking is self-disclosure
* process where you reveal yourself to others
* sharing of values
* shows our personalities and humanity
* if we can explain why we hold certain values
-may be possible to
persuade
* people perceive us by how we talk about our ideas
* not wanting to always do this is normal
* many people seek to avoid revealing self
* energizes you
* flight or fight response:
* endocrine system; adrenaline
--physically
stronger
--more alert about
NERVOUSNESS
* the athlete, the actor, the speaker perform in
public
* nervousness is normal!
--41% of public
afraid of public speaking
* energy can be channeled into usefulness
* nervousness can be controlled symptoms of
communication apprehension
heart rate increases
breathing can become shallow
* blood pressure increases
* perspire; tremble
* knees feel weak
* face flushed
* sinking feeling in stomach
* ringing in ears
* these are normal and felt by 76% of experienced
speakers
* forgetfulness
* avoiding audience connection
* seeing only amorphous mass
* speaking one to many: the focus is always on the
one
* fear of embarrassing yourself
* fear of saying something stupid
* fear of running out of things to say
* difficult to know how you are really doing
* it's easy to interpret extraneous noise as negative
feedback remember, audience wants you to succeed
* find the sympathetic listeners and gain strength
* most feel they can't give good speech
* most psych themselves up with negativity
* this is a very common fear
* rarely will thing go very wrong
* accept that sometimes they do
* don't come unglued or
* adapt the weirdness
* use it for humorous effect
* no need to apologize for mistakes
* many feel the audience is "out to get them"
--THIS IS NOT THE
CASE !
* audience want you to succeed
* disturbing and crippling fear
* you have control of what you talk about
* research your topic fully
* there are no uninteresting subjects just disinterested people
--if truly interesting to you;
interesting to us
5--fear that you're not good enough
* we often perceive our selves as inadequate
* All good speakers were once bad speakers
* each student is a mix of strengths and weaknesses
6--fear of the unknown
* all of us have this worry
* experience brings unknown into the known
* once accustomed to speaking, it's no longer as threatening
* choose subjects you know about
1--keep it to yourself
* accept fear as normal
* your nervousness probably doesn't show
* never to the degree you feel it
* don't call attention to it
--don't announce
it
--don't apologize for
it
* see yourself being successful
* give yourself a positive pep- talk
* imagine your speech succeeding!
* learn to recognize and reduce tension
* relaxation techniques
* focus on tension and let it slip away
* limber up
* do vocal exercises
* do deep breathing
* take care of yourselves
* no need to hide them
* be able to read them
* use them to them highlight key points
* use as a focusing tool--not a crutch
* don't memorize notes
* refer to them, don't read from them
--takes eye
contact from audience
* identify with the listeners
* check out the arrangements
* suit them to your needs
* you are your own expert
* you know your speech better than anyone in room
* beginnings and endings!
* polish the introduction
* hook audience early and they are yours
* practice moving from idea to idea
--not word for
word
* pretend you are not
* the bluff can take you far
* collect yourself
* deep breath
* exhale
* unlock knees
* establish eye contact
* talk to your audience
* they want you to succeed
* involve them in the speech
* there are no perfect speeches
* it will not go as you planned it
* go with the flow!