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CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
1. Public speaking requires the same method of delivery as ordinary conversation.
ANSWER: False
2. Fortunately, stage fright only affects inexperienced speakers.
ANSWER: False
3. As a speaker, you can usually assume that an audience will be interested in what you have to say.
ANSWER: False
4. Most successful speakers are nervous before taking the floor.
ANSWER:
5. For most beginning speakers the biggest part of stage fright is fear of the unknown.
ANSWER:
6. Organizing ideas for presentation in a speech is an important aspect of critical thinking.
ANSWER:
7. Practicing speech delivery is an excellent way to develop your skills as a critical thinker.
ANSWER: False
8. The channel is the room in which speech communication takes place.
ANSWER: False
9. The channel is the means by which a message is communicated.
ANSWER:
10. Most public speaking situations involve two-way communication.
ANSWER:
11. When you give a speech to your classmates, you are engaged in one-way communication.
ANSWER: False
12. Interference is anything that impedes the communication of a message.
ANSWER:
13. Interference can come from either inside or outside your audience.
ANSWER:
14. Although language changes from culture to culture, the meaning of nonverbal signals is consistent across cultures.
ANSWER: False
15. Ethnocentrism often leads to prejudice and hostility toward people of different racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds.
ANSWER:
16. Public speakers who seek to avoid being ethnocentric need to show respect for the cultures of the people they address.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Public Speaking
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
17. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.
ANSWER:
18. A public speaker faces ethical issues throughout the entire speechmaking process.
ANSWER:
19. A public speaker need only be concerned about ethics in the conclusion of a speech.
ANSWER: False
20. The first responsibility of a speaker is to make sure her or his goal is ethically sound.
ANSWER:
21. Because persuasion is such a complex process, juggling statistics and quoting out of context to maximize your persuasive effect are ethically acceptable in speeches to persuade.
ANSWER: False
22. Ethical decisions need to be justified against a set of standards or criteria.
ANSWER:
23. As your textbook explains, ethical decisions are essentially a matter of personal whim or opinion.
ANSWER: False
24. As your textbook explains, the ethical obligation of a speaker to avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language is essentially a matter of political correctness.
ANSWER: False
25. Because the aim of speechmaking is to secure a desired response from listeners, speakers need to give their strategic objectives priority over their ethical obligations.
ANSWER: False
26. If something is legal, it is also ethical.
ANSWER: False
27. Incremental plagiarism occurs when a speaker uses quotations or paraphrases without citing the sources of the statements.
ANSWER:
28. The ethical obligation of an audience to listen to a speaker courteously and attentively is less important in speech class than for speeches outside the classroom.
ANSWER: False
29. All statements made by a public speaker are protected under the free speech clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
ANSWER: False
30. It is possible to disagree entirely with a speaker's ideas but still support the speaker's right to express those ideas.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
31. Hearing is a physiological process, while listening is a psychological process.
ANSWER:
32. People need effective listening skills in almost all occupations.
ANSWER:
33. Research indicates that even when we listen carefully, we understand and retain only about half of what we hear.
ANSWER:
34. Appreciative listening is closely tied to critical thinking.
ANSWER: False
35. When you listen to the campaign speech of a political candidate for the purpose of accepting or rejecting the speaker's message, you are engaged in empathic listening.
ANSWER: False
36. Critical listening involves the same skills as comprehensive listening.
ANSWER: False
37. Critical listening involves listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting it or rejecting it.
ANSWER:
38. One of the major barriers to effective communication is that the brain can process words much faster than a speaker can talk.
ANSWER:
39. Usually it is easy to block out physical and mental distractions when listening to a speaker.
ANSWER: False
40. Concentrating on details is an excellent way to become a better listener.
ANSWER: False
41. Jumping to conclusions can be a barrier to effective listening even when a speaker and a listener know each other very well.
ANSWER:
42. According to your textbook, when focusing your listening, you should concentrate on a speaker's main points, evidence, and technique.
ANSWER:
43. Note taking is usually a barrier to effective listening.
ANSWER: False
CHAPTER 4: Selecting a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
44. In brainstorming for a speech topic, you go to the library and look through an encyclopedia or some other reference book until you come across a good topic.
ANSWER: False
45. Most often, your general purpose as a speaker is to inform or to persuade.
ANSWER:
46. The difference between informing and persuading is like the difference between explaining and entertaining.
ANSWER: False
47. The specific purpose statement should focus on one aspect of a topic and be expressed in a single infinitive phrase.
ANSWER:
48. The specific purpose statement indicates precisely what the speaker hopes to accomplish in a speech.
ANSWER:
49. The specific purpose of a speech usually "sums up" the main points to be developed in the body of the speech.
ANSWER: False
50. "Conducting regular car maintenance" is an example of an effective specific purpose statement for a speech.
ANSWER: False
51. The specific purpose statement should usually be phrased as a question.
ANSWER: False
52. Figurative language enhances the clarity of a specific purpose statement.
ANSWER: False
53. "To inform my audience about the current status of tennis as an international sport" is an example of an effective specific purpose statement for a speech.
ANSWER:
54. The central idea reveals more about the content of a speech than does the specific purpose.
ANSWER:
55. "The three major expenses for people traveling abroad are transportation, food, and lodging" is an example of a well-worded central idea for a speech.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 5: Analysing the Audience
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
56. Being audience-centered means that your primary purpose as a speaker is to gain a desired response from the audience.
ANSWER:
57. The aim of successful speechmaking is to gain a desired response from listeners by any means necessary.
ANSWER: False
58. The need for audience analysis and adaptation is one of the major differences between public speaking and everyday conversation.
ANSWER: False
59. Unlike beginning speakers, experienced speakers have little need for audience analysis.
ANSWER: False
60. Audience analysis first comes into play after a speaker has chosen a speech topic.
ANSWER: False
61. Audience analysis is only important after a speaker has completed research for a speech.
ANSWER: False
62. Audience analysis is only important after a speaker has prepared an outline for the speech.
ANSWER: False
63. Like acting, public speaking is a matter of playing the same role over and over again.
ANSWER: False
64. Even when listeners pay close attention, they don't process a speaker's message exactly as the speaker intended.
ANSWER:
65. Egocentrism means that audiences typically approach speeches by asking "Why is this important for me?"
ANSWER:
66. Any characteristic of a given audience is potentially important to a speaker analyzing that audience.
ANSWER:
67. One of the major demographic traits of audiences is interest in the speaker's topic.
ANSWER: False
68. Audience size, the physical setting for the speech, and the audience's disposition toward the topic are all elements of demographic audience analysis.
ANSWER: False
69. Audience size, the physical setting for the speech, and the audience's disposition toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion are all elements of situational audience analysis.
ANSWER:
70. Although the differences between women and men have diminished in recent years, the gender of listeners is still a major factor in audience analysis.
ANSWER:
71. As a general rule, the larger your audience, the more formal your speech presentation should be.
ANSWER:
72. Learning the size of an audience is an important factor in demographic audience analysis.
ANSWER: False
73. Learning the size of an audience is an important factor in situational audience analysis.
ANSWER:
74. The more people know about a topic, the more likely they are to be interested in it.
ANSWER:
75. No matter what the occasion, listeners will have fairly definite expectations about the kinds of speeches appropriate for that occasion.
ANSWER:
76. When you construct an audience analysis questionnaire, fixed-alternative questions are especially useful for getting at the strength of a respondent's attitudes.
ANSWER: False
77. When you construct an audience analysis questionnaire, scale questions are especially useful for getting at the strength of a respondent's attitudes.
ANSWER:
78. Although most of the process of audience adaptation occurs as part of preparing a speech, a speaker may still need to adapt her or his remarks to the audience during the presentation of the speech.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
79. If you use a tape recorder in a research interview, you should be sure to tell the person being interviewed.
ANSWER:
80. After an interview you should usually wait a couple of days before reviewing your notes.
ANSWER: False
81. One of the advantages of tape recording an interview is that it saves you time in transcribing notes after the interview.
ANSWER: False
82. The card catalogue contains three cards for each book in the library: an author card, a title card, and a research card.
ANSWER: False
83. The best known collection of quotations is Bartlett's Familiar Quotations.
ANSWER:
84. A gazetteer is a geographical dictionary.
ANSWER:
85. If possible, you should write all your research notes from a single book or article on a single index card.
ANSWER: False
86. When making research notes, it is important to distinguish between direct quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
87. Examples are particularly effective as supporting materials because they help get the audience involved in a speech.
ANSWER:
88. Research has shown that vivid, well-developed examples have more impact on listeners' beliefs and actions than any other kind of supporting material.
ANSWER:
89. Brief examples can be used either to illustrate a point or to introduce a topic.
ANSWER:
90. Hypothetical examples usually have less credibility to listeners than do factual examples.
ANSWER:
91. Because of their high credibility, you should use only factual examples in your speeches.
ANSWER: False
92. The mean--popularly called the average--is determined by summing up all the items in a group and dividing by the number of items.
ANSWER:
93. The median is the middle figure in a group once the figures are put in order from highest to lowest.
ANSWER:
94. Research has shown that well-documented statistics have more impact on listeners' beliefs and actions than any other kind of supporting material.
ANSWER: False
95. Research has shown that the more statistics you use, the more effective your speech is likely to be.
ANSWER: False
96. You should almost always round off statistics in a speech.
ANSWER:
97. Acceptable testimony can include either statements from recognized experts or from ordinary people with special expertise on the topic.
ANSWER:
98. Peer testimony is highly credible in a speech because it comes from people who are recognized experts on the topic.
ANSWER: False
99. Lengthy quotations from highly credible sources are particularly valuable as testimony.
ANSWER: False
100. When you use testimony in a speech, it is acceptable either to paraphrase or use to a direct quotation.
ANSWER:
101. It is seldom a good idea to use examples and testimony in the same speech.
ANSWER: False
CHAPTER 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
102. Audiences find well-organized speakers to be more credible than poorly organized speakers.
ANSWER:
103. Research suggests that using a clear, specific method of speech organization can enhance your ability to deliver a speech fluently.
ANSWER:
104. The introduction of a speech usually should be prepared before the body.
ANSWER: False
105. Once you know the main points of your speech, you should then formulate your specific purpose.
ANSWER: False
106. The most effective order for the main points in a speech depends on three things: your topic, your purpose, and your audience.
ANSWER:
107. When arranging a speech in causal order, you must deal first with the causes of an event and then explain its effects.
ANSWER: False
108. Speeches arranged in problem-solution order are divided into four main parts.
ANSWER: False
109. Speeches arranged in spatial order follow a time sequence.
ANSWER: False
110. Speeches arranged in chronological order follow a time pattern.
ANSWER:
111. Although using parallel wording for main points is common practice among writers, it is less important in public speaking.
ANSWER: False
112. Connectives are one of the kinds of supporting materials in a speech.
ANSWER: False
113. Transitions state both the idea the speaker is leaving and the one the speaker is coming to.
ANSWER:
114. "The most important point to remember about..." is an example of a signpost.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 9: Beginning and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
115. Regardless of what other methods you use to gain attention, you should almost always relate the topic to your audience in the introduction of a speech.
ANSWER:
116. It is seldom a good idea to discuss the importance of your topic in the introduction of a speech.
ANSWER: False
117. A startling introduction is effective only if it is firmly related to the speech topic.
ANSWER:
118. Opening your speech with a lengthy quotation is an excellent way to gain the attention of your audience.
ANSWER: False
119. Using visual aids is an acceptable method of gaining attention in the introduction of a speech.
ANSWER:
120. Establishing good will is more likely to be necessary in the introduction of a persuasive speech than in the introduction of an informative speech.
ANSWER:
121. Establishing good will is more likely to be necessary in the introduction of an informative speech than in the introduction of a persuasive speech.
ANSWER: False
122. One function of a preview statement is to signal that the body of the speech is about to begin.
ANSWER:
123. A preview statement is usually necessary in the introduction even when a speaker is addressing an audience that is well-informed about the topic.
ANSWER:
124. A preview statement is especially important in a speech introduction when a speaker is addressing a hostile audience.
ANSWER: False
125. A preview statement is especially important in the introduction of an informative speech.
ANSWER:
126. Under normal circumstances, the introduction should comprise about 10-20 percent of a speech.
ANSWER:
127. It is inappropriate for a public speaker to say anything so obvious as "in conclusion."
ANSWER: False
128. The conclusion of Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" is a good example of a crescendo ending.
ANSWER:
129. A crescendo ending is more likely to be used in a persuasive speech than in an informative speech.
ANSWER:
130. When concluding a speech, it is inappropriate to refer back to ideas mentioned in the introduction.
ANSWER: False
131. The conclusion should normally comprise about 5-10 percent of a speech.
ANSWER:
132. One function of a speech conclusion is to reinforce the speaker's central idea.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 10: Outling The Speech
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
133. In a preparation outline, the specific purpose is usually stated before the introduction.
ANSWER:
134. Stating main points in a word or two is usually sufficient for a preparation outline.
ANSWER: False
135. A preparation outline should include your preliminary bibliography.
ANSWER: False
136. In the speaking outline, main points are indicated by Roman numerals.
ANSWER:
137. A bibliography is usually included as part of the speaking outline.
ANSWER: False
138. You should label the body and conclusion in both the preparation and speaking outlines.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
139. If the meaning of a word is clear to you, you can assume that it is also clear to your audience.
ANSWER: False
140. The denotative meaning of a word includes all the feelings, associations, and emotions that the word touches off in different people.
ANSWER: False
141. Denotative meaning gives words their emotional power.
ANSWER: False
142. The more abstract a word, the more ambiguous it will be.
ANSWER:
143. It is often possible to use words accurately without using them clearly.
ANSWER:
144. In dealing with technical topics, a speaker has little choice but to use technical language.
ANSWER: False
145. Abstract words are usually clearer to listeners than concrete words.
ANSWER: False
146. "Air pollution is eating away at the monuments in Washington, D.C., like a giant Alka-Seltzer tablet" is an example of metaphor.
ANSWER: False
147. "Silence settled over the audience like a block of granite" is an example of simile.
ANSWER:
148. "Drug abuse is a cancer that is destroying our society" is an example of metaphor.
ANSWER:
149. Using metaphor is an excellent way to enhance the rhythm of a speech.
ANSWER: False
150. Language has a rhythm created by the speaker's choice of supporting materials.
ANSWER: False
151. The use of repetition in a speech usually results in parallelism.
ANSWER:
152. Antithesis and alliteration are excellent ways to enhance the imagery of a speech.
ANSWER: False
153. Alliteration as a means of creating rhythm in a speech refers to repeating the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words.
ANSWER:
154. Avoiding sexist language is an important aspect of audience adaptation in public speaking.
ANSWER:
155. A speaker only needs to avoid sexist language when there are women in the audience.
ANSWER: False
156. Avoiding sexist language is important in public speaking both as a matter of audience adaptation and as a matter of accuracy in language.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
157. Good speech delivery should call attention to itself.
ANSWER: False
158. Speaking from a manuscript allows for greater spontaneity and directness than does speaking extemporaneously.
ANSWER: False
159. Speaking from memory is most effective when a speaker wants to be very responsive to feedback from the audience.
ANSWER: False
160. As the textbook explains, extemporaneous delivery and impromptu delivery are essentially alike.
ANSWER: False
161. An extemporaneous speech is carefully prepared and practiced in advance.
ANSWER:
162. A faster rate of speech is usually called for when a speaker is explaining complex information.
ANSWER: False
163. Vocal variety in speech delivery means only varying the rate in which you speak.
ANSWER: False
164. If you say the "s" in Illinois or the "p" in pneumonia, you are making a mistake in articulation.
ANSWER: False
165. Forming speech sounds crisply and distinctly is termed articulation.
ANSWER:
166. Ways of talking based on ethnic or regional speech patterns are called dialects.
ANSWER:
167. Over the years linguistics have concluded that no dialect is inherently better or worse than another dialect.
ANSWER: False
168. When a speaker's nonverbal communication is inconsistent with his or her words, listeners tend to believe the words rather than the nonverbal communication.
ANSWER: False
169. When a speaker's nonverbal communication is inconsistent with her or his words, listeners tend to believe the nonverbal communication rather than the words.
ANSWER:
170. Research shows that personal appearance will affect the audience's perception of the speaker in about half of all speaking situations.
ANSWER: False
171. In the United States, public speakers who establish strong eye contact with listeners are usually perceived as more credible than speakers who have weaker eye contact.
ANSWER:
172. In the United States, public speakers who establish strong eye contact with listeners are usually perceived as less credible than speakers who have weaker eye contact.
ANSWER: False
173. According to your textbook, the first step in rehearsing a speech is to practice in front of a mirror.
ANSWER: False
174. According to your textbook, the first step in practicing your speech delivery is to go through your preparation outline aloud to see how it translates into spoken discourse.
ANSWER:
175. A single practice session of two or three hours is usually the best way to rehearse your speech.
ANSWER: False
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
176. If the object you want to speak about is too large, too small, or unavailable to use as a visual aid, you have little choice but to change the topic of your speech.
ANSWER: False
177. Photographs seldom work well as visual aids unless the speaker has access to oversize enlargements.
ANSWER:
178. Graphs are an effective way to simplify and clarify statistics.
ANSWER:
179. If you wanted to summarize the steps of a process in a speech, the best kind of visual aid to use would probably be a chart.
ANSWER:
180. If you were summarizing statistical trends in a speech, the best visual aid to use would probably be a chart.
ANSWER: False
181. You can be your own visual aid.
ANSWER:
182. Visual aids should usually be displayed from the right side of the lectern.
ANSWER: False
183. Passing visual aids among the audience during a speech is helpful to a speaker because it allows listeners to inspect the aids at their own pace.
ANSWER: False
184. When you are going to give an audience material to take home from a speech, you should usually distribute the material at the beginning of the speech.
ANSWER: False
185. According to your textbook, it is usually a good idea to write or draw on an overhead transparency while you are speaking.
ANSWER: False
186. Despite advances in technology it is still necessary for a speaker who is using an overhead projector to work with the projector when practicing the speech.
ANSWER:
187. In most circumstances you should keep your visual aids on display throughout your speech.
ANSWER: False
188. It is important to maintain strong eye contact with your audience when you are presenting a visual aid.
ANSWER:
189. A visual aid is only as useful as the explanation that goes with it.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 14: Speaking To Inform
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
190. Informative speeches about processes are usually arranged in chronological order.
ANSWER:
191. An informative speech about a process that has as many as ten or twelve steps is one of the few times it is all right to have more than five main points.
ANSWER: False
192. Informative speeches about concepts are usually arranged in causal order.
ANSWER: False
193. Informative speeches about concepts are usually arranged in topical order.
ANSWER:
194. An explicit preview statement is especially important in the introduction of an informative speech.
ANSWER:
195. A summary is seldom necessary in the conclusion of an informative speech.
ANSWER: False
196. The more you assume your audience knows about your speech topic, the greater are your chances of being misunderstood.
ANSWER:
197. A public speaker should avoid direct references to the audience in the body of an informative speech.
ANSWER: False
198. Personal examples are inappropriate for informative speeches on technical topics.
ANSWER: False
199. Although essay writers are often urged to avoid personal references such as "I," "you," and "we," you should usually try to include such references in an informative speech.
ANSWER:
200. Whenever possible, you should try to enliven your informative speeches by expressing ideas in personal terms.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 15: Speaking To Persuade
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
201. Of all the kinds of public speaking, persuasion is the most complex and the most challenging.
ANSWER:
202. Research indicates that audiences often engage in a mental give-and-take with the speaker as they listen to a persuasive speech.
ANSWER:
203. When trying to persuade a hostile audience, you should usually be wary of even mentioning their objections to your point of view.
ANSWER: False
204. A persuasive speech on a question of fact is essentially the same as an informative speech.
ANSWER: False
205. Questions of fact are easy subjects for persuasive speeches because they almost always have clear-cut answers.
ANSWER: False
206. Persuasive speeches on questions of fact are usually organized in problem-solution order.
ANSWER: False
207. "To persuade my audience that our community should build a new public library" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of fact.
ANSWER: False
208. Persuasive speeches on questions of value are almost always arranged in topical order.
ANSWER:
209. Persuasive speeches on questions of value usually argue directly for or against particular courses of action.
ANSWER: False
210. "To persuade my audience that standards of journalistic ethics are higher today than they were in the 1800s" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of value.
ANSWER: False
211. Questions of policy usually include the word "should."
ANSWER:
212. "To persuade my audience that the federal government should ban all advertising for tobacco products" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.
ANSWER:
213. "To persuade my audience that the United States should not adopt a national sales tax to help balance the federal budget" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.
ANSWER:
214. "To persuade my audience that the U.S. television industry has a moral responsibility to consider the impact of its programs on the development of violent behavior among children" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.
ANSWER: False
215. "To persuade my audience that our community should take tougher measures to deal with the problem of noise pollution" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy whose aim is passive agreement.
ANSWER:
216. "To persuade my audience to become a volunteer for the Special Olympics" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy whose aim is immediate action.
ANSWER:
217. "To persuade my audience that Congress should ban the exportation of dangerous pesticides" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy whose aim is immediate action.
ANSWER: False
218. When trying to persuade listeners to take action, you should usually be specific about the action you want them to take.
ANSWER:
219. The burden of proof rests with the persuasive speaker who opposes change.
ANSWER: False
220. The burden of proof rests with the persuasive speaker who advocates change.
ANSWER:
221. When you discuss a question of policy, you must deal with three basic issues--need, plan, and practicality.
ANSWER:
222. Monroe's motivated sequence is most appropriate for speeches that try to persuade listeners to take immediate action.
ANSWER:
223. The final step in Monroe's motivated sequence is to visualize how much better things will be if the speaker's plan is adopted.
ANSWER: False
224. The final step in Monroe's motivated sequence is to call for action by the audience in support of the speaker's plan.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 16: Methods of Persuasion
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion
225. What many teachers refer to as source credibility was called ethos by Aristotle.
ANSWER:
226. Reputation and character are the paramount factors affecting a speaker's credibility.
ANSWER: False
227. Competence and character are the most important factors affecting a speaker's credibility.
ANSWER:
228. The more favorably listeners view a speaker's competence and character, the more likely they are to accept what the speaker says.
ANSWER:
229. Derived credibility refers to the reputation of a speaker before the speech begins.
ANSWER: False
230. Derived credibility refers to the credibility of the speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech itself.
ANSWER:
231. Terminal credibility is the credibility of the speaker at the start of the speech.
ANSWER: False
232. Terminal credibility is the credibility of the speaker at the end of the speech.
ANSWER:
233. Speakers who explain their expertise on the speech topic are likely to reduce their credibility with the audience.
ANSWER: False
234. Establishing common ground with an audience is especially important in the conclusion of a persuasive speech.
ANSWER: False
235. Establishing common ground with an audience is especially important in the introduction of a persuasive speech.
ANSWER:
236. A speaker's credibility is affected by everything she or he says and does during the speech.
ANSWER:
237. Research has shown that speakers with high initial credibility need to use more evidence than speakers with low initial credibility.
ANSWER: False
238. Research shows that evidence is more likely to be persuasive if it is new to the audience.
ANSWER:
239. According to your textbook, it is redundant for persuasive speakers to give their evidence and then to state the point the evidence is meant to prove.
ANSWER: False
240. According to your textbook, when reasoning from specific instances in a persuasive speech, a speaker must state the specific instances before stating the conclusion the specific instances are meant to prove.
ANSWER: False
241. When reasoning from specific instances in a persuasive speech, you need to make sure your sample of specific instances is large enough to justify your conclusion.
ANSWER:
242. A persuasive speaker who argues that capital punishment should be outlawed because it violates the constitutional principle banning cruel and unusual punishment is reasoning from specific instances.
ANSWER: False
243. A persuasive speaker who contends that America's older bridges are becoming unsafe because several bridges have collapsed in recent years is reasoning from specific instances.
ANSWER:
244. When you reason from principle in a speech, you move from a specific principle to a general conclusion.
ANSWER: False
245. The following is an example of reasoning from principle: "All infringements on the right of free expression are unconstitutional. Limitations on the lyrics of popular songs are infringements on the right of free expression. Therefore, all limitations on the lyrics of popular songs are unconstitutional."
ANSWER:
246. When reasoning from principle in a persuasive speech, you need to take special care to avoid the fallacy of post hoc, ergo propter hoc.
ANSWER: False
247. Although causal reasoning is used a great deal in public speeches, it is seldom used in other situations.
ANSWER: False
248. According to your textbook, emotional appeals are usually inappropriate in persuasive speeches on questions of policy.
ANSWER: False
249. As your textbook explains, it is unethical to use vivid, richly textured examples to generate emotional appeal in a persuasive speech on a question of policy.
ANSWER: False
250. Regardless of whether a persuasive speaker uses emotional appeal, she or he should always build the speech on a firm foundation of facts and logic.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 1: Speaking in
Public
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and
Public Speaking
CHAPTER 3:
Listening
CHAPTER 4: Selecting
a Topic and Purpose
CHAPTER 5: Analysing
the Audience
CHAPTER 6: Gathering
Material
CHAPTER 7: Supporting
ideas
CHAPTER 8: Organizing
the Body of the Speech
CHAPTER 9: Beginning
and Ending the Speech
CHAPTER 10: Outling
The Speech
CHAPTER 11: Using
Language
CHAPTER 12:
Delivery
CHAPTER 13: Using
Visual Aids
CHAPTER 14: Speaking
To Inform
CHAPTER 15: Speaking
To Persuade
CHAPTER 16:
Methods of Persuasion